|  | Timo Salmi, Ilkka Virtanen: EVA |  | 
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The value-based 
management performance measure EVAź introduced by Stern Stewart & Co. is an 
incarnation of the underlying residual income (RI) concept. The concept is 
evaluated and compared with traditional profitability measures within a 
controlled simulation framework.
It is observed that EVA is very sensitive 
to its cost of equity component, but it is unexpectedly insensitive to its 
cost of debt component under regular conditions.
EVA and its variability are 
observed to be strongly affected by the firm's growth policies because of 
leverage effects.
EVA is observed to be much more unstable than the 
traditional return on investment and directly related to the return on 
equity measure.
Methodologically, the paper demonstrates the advantages of 
using a controlled simulation approach in financial research.
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